People I (Mostly) Admire

Berkley's core argument is that Gavi's discount pricing isn't charity, it's a business case: pooled purchase commitments give manufacturers volume and price certainty in exchange for access to low- and middle-income markets, turning what was a market failure into a functioning system. - Gavi turned a world where fewer than 5% of children got a single vaccine dose into a functioning market via reliable multi-year purchase commitments, cutting the child vaccine schedule's price by 98% (2025-09-13, 2025-09-27) - Diseases confined to poor countries (malaria, Ebola) go undeveloped for decades because pharma has no market incentive, not because the science is impossible (2025-09-13, 2025-09-27) - Covax placed pre-orders for vaccines that didn't yet exist with money Gavi didn't yet have, a deliberate bet to avoid rich countries buying up all pandemic supply as in past outbreaks (2025-09-13)

Greenstone's Gujarat pilot shows cap-and-trade beating uniform mandates on both compliance and cost, but only once real-time monitoring made enforcement possible, and only once the regulator proved willing to punish powerful violators. - Cap-and-trade lets low-cost abaters sell reductions to high-cost ones, hitting the same pollution target at lower total cost than uniform mandates (2025-11-22) - A randomized controlled trial of Gujarat's sulfur-dioxide market cut emissions 20-30% and abatement costs 12% versus command-and-control regulation, once continuous emissions monitors made real-time enforcement possible (2025-11-22) - The market's credibility depended on the regulator actually fining two large, politically connected violators; every subsequent compliance period was then near-total (2025-11-22)

Greenstone is candid that the world's improved warming trajectory is mostly luck (cheap renewables, fracking-driven gas) rather than policy success, and argues hard global caps mathematically force the steepest cuts onto the countries least able to pay for them. - The shift from a likely 4-5C to a likely 3C warming path came mainly from cheap renewables, batteries, and fracking-driven gas displacing coal, not from strong policy (2025-11-22) - Hard global temperature caps effectively demand 80-90% emissions cuts from developing countries that will generate most future emissions and can least afford it, a consequence Greenstone says is rarely reasoned through by advocates (2025-11-22) - The Tropical Forest Forever Facility's edge-of-forest destruction penalty is priced below what illegal ranchers pay for cleared land, so it may not change behavior without added government enforcement (2025-11-22)

Duchin's group replaced ad hoc judgment about "normal" districting with a Markov-chain method that generates a statistically representative ensemble of valid plans, letting courts test whether a proposed map is a statistical outlier. - The number of valid US redistricting plans is roughly a googol with no exploitable substructure, so courts had no baseline for "normal" until Markov-chain sampling generated a representative ensemble to compare against (2025-10-18) - A proportionality test requiring a plan to match 3 of the last 4 statewide elections proved both achievable and durable when checked against thousands of neutrally generated plans, even in gerrymandering hotspots (2025-10-18) - Restricting district shapes to look visually reasonable did far less to prevent gerrymandering than Duchin initially expected (2025-10-18)

Lacking Greenstone's hypothetical two identical earths (one polluted, one clean), China's Huai River heating-policy boundary gave him the next best thing: an arbitrary line that created otherwise-similar populations with very different lifetime pollution exposure. - China's Huai River winter-heating policy created a rare clean natural experiment, letting Greenstone isolate a 3-5.5 year life-expectancy gap from lifetime pollution exposure (2025-11-22) - The result survives robustness checks that rule out confounds: no discontinuity at any other latitude, and excess deaths concentrated in exactly the cardiorespiratory causes pollution science predicts (2025-11-22)

Riess's cosmology work is the same "build a baseline, then trust but verify" logic as Duchin's and Greenstone's, applied to measuring the universe itself: a layered distance-measurement method substitutes for direct observation, and a surprising result only becomes credible after repeated independent cross-checking. - Cosmic distances are measured with a layered "distance ladder": parallax for nearby stars, Cepheid variable stars (via Leavitt's period-luminosity relation) for intermediate distances, and Type Ia supernovae as standard candles for the billions-of-light-years scale needed to trace cosmic expansion (2025-08-16) - Riess's first reaction to his team's 1998 accelerating-universe result was fear of an analysis bug, not excitement; the finding only became credible after weeks of internal cross-checking and independent confirmation from a rival research team (2025-08-16) - The "Hubble tension," a roughly 10-percent, five-sigma-scale mismatch between the early-universe and present-day expansion rate, persisted even after upgrading from the Hubble Space Telescope to the more precise James Webb Space Telescope, which is what makes Riess treat it as a possible real anomaly rather than instrument noise (2025-08-16)

Stantcheva extends the same "build a baseline instead of guessing" logic to a domain economics traditionally refused to measure directly: people's beliefs and reasoning, which behavior alone can't reveal. - Economists' norm of trusting only revealed behavior over stated belief discards the sole direct evidence of people's constraints, misperceptions, and reasoning, inputs policy design needs and has no other source for (2025-08-30) - Randomized question-order and information-treatment experiments embedded inside large surveys let Stantcheva establish causality, not just correlation, the same rigor bar Duchin's and Greenstone's natural-experiment methods hit (2025-08-30)

Across immigration, estate tax, and climate policy, Stantcheva's surveys show policy support tracks perceived fairness, trust, and a stable "zero-sum" mindset more than self-interest or economic logic, and correcting facts only moves opinion on topics not already saturated by narrative. - Americans overestimate the US immigrant share by roughly 3.5x (36% perceived versus about 10% actual), and merely being asked to think about immigration first causally reduces stated support for redistribution generally, not just toward immigrants (2025-08-30) - Correcting the estate-tax misperception (people think 1-in-3 pay it; the true figure is under 1-in-1,000) sharply raises support for the tax, but the same fact-only treatment does nothing for immigration views, where only a narrative about a hardworking immigrant moves opinion (2025-08-30) - A "zero-sum mindset," the belief that one group's gain requires another's loss, predicts a cross-partisan bundle of views (tax the rich and restrict immigration together) and tracks a person's real economic and family history rather than being a simple cognitive bias (2025-08-30)

A correct number doesn't change behavior on its own; both Greenstone and Levitt show the extra step of converting data into an intuitive unit, or checking a policy intuition against the actual breakdown, is what makes it usable. - The Air Quality Life Index converts pollution into years of life expectancy specifically because the existing color-coded AQI tells people whether today's air is bad without conveying what sustained exposure costs them (2025-11-22) - Levitt breaks down US gun deaths by category (suicides, illegal-gun homicides, family accidents) to show mandatory liability insurance doesn't fit the actual data, since most deaths have no insurable third party to protect against (2025-11-08)

Levitt's own tragedy anchors this thread: a successful vaccine removes the very horror that would justify people's continued fear of the disease it prevents, breeding complacency and openness to hesitancy narratives. - Levitt's son died of pneumococcal meningitis four months before the vaccine that likely would have saved him was approved, illustrating why prevented deaths never register as a benefit (2025-09-13, 2025-09-27) - Vaccine hesitancy around autism is largely a causality-attribution error: nearly all children get the same vaccines during the exact developmental window when autism symptoms first appear (2025-09-13, 2025-09-27)

Physicists addressed fears of an LHC-created black hole with an actual calculation rather than dismissal, but Cox admits the exercise still backfired: stating any nonzero probability gets heard as "there's a chance," regardless of the number. - Physicists bounded LHC black-hole-extinction fears using 4.5 billion years of cosmic-ray collision data, but stating any nonzero probability still got heard by the public as "there's a chance" (2025-11-08)

A recurring listener-segment bit across two episodes: once a bidder passes an item's face value, every marginal bid looks better than eating the loss of stopping, a trap that reliably works on strangers but collapses when tried on family. - Once a bidder passes an item's face value, bidding one more dollar always looks better than eating a larger stopping loss, so the auction has no natural stopping point among strangers or students (2025-09-13, 2025-09-27) - The same auction that reliably works in a classroom failed when a listener tried it on his own family, because family dynamics override the "stranger" behavioral rules and running an effective auction requires facilitation skill (2025-09-13, 2025-09-27)

A separate listener-segment thread from the all-pay escalation trap above: ordinary ascending-bid auctions (real estate sales without a fixed ceiling) mechanically transfer surplus from buyer to seller, and Levitt's advice is about controlling information and incentives, not psychology. - Uncapped, ascending-bid real estate auctions mechanically transfer surplus from buyers to sellers; Levitt advises minimizing competition, controlling what signals you send about your price limit, and exploiting the real estate agent's own private incentives separately from the seller's (2025-08-16)

Arnold's Nobel-winning method treats enzyme improvement as a search problem, not a comprehension problem, introduce random mutation, screen for the property you want, recombine the winners, repeat, which is also its central limitation: you get exactly what you screen for. - Rational protein design failed for decades because it required detailed structural knowledge that essentially never existed; directed evolution substituted trial-and-selection instead (2025-10-11) - The real innovation was accumulating beneficial mutations across generations like real evolution, not random search alone; three or four generations was enough for major functional change (2025-10-11) - "You get what you screen for": Arnold could only measure lab-scale hydrolysis for P&G's detergent enzyme, not real-world stain removal, so the deliverable met the measurable spec without guaranteeing the actual use case (2025-10-11) - Even after directed evolution finds a working enzyme, reverse-engineering why the winning mutations work is often impossible; Arnold compares evolved enzymes to an unexplainable Beethoven symphony (2025-10-11) - Resistance to directed evolution split along disciplinary lines: engineers who needed working enzymes adopted it immediately, while biochemists invested in mechanistic understanding resisted it as unscientific (2025-10-11)

Cox's Higgs-boson and black-hole discussions both illustrate physicist Eugene Wigner's observation that mathematics invented purely to fix an equation's internal consistency keeps turning out to describe reality. - The Higgs boson was a side effect of a 1960s equation-consistency fix, not a particle physicists went looking for; the LHC was guaranteed to find something because without it the math predicted an impossible outcome (2025-11-08) - A good experimental paper deliberately models the scenario where you're wrong: Cox's most-cited paper modeled a Higgs-free universe, and the falsified prediction still narrowed down what's true (2025-11-08) - 18th-century thinkers correctly derived black-hole-like "dark stars" from Newtonian escape velocity but wrongly assumed you needed enormous mass, missing that shrinking radius alone does the same thing (2025-11-08) - Hawking's 1974 calculation implied black holes erase information as they evaporate, a genuine contradiction with quantum mechanics that the field is still resolving (2025-11-08) - Quantum theory's naive prediction for dark energy's magnitude is about 120 orders of magnitude too large, "the worst prediction in all of physics," exposing an unresolved incompatibility between quantum theory and general relativity (2025-08-16) - Riess frames the Hubble tension as ambiguous the same way Mercury's orbital precession once was: 19th-century astronomers wrongly inferred a missing planet ("Vulcan") where the real fix required an entirely new theory of gravity, not a new object (2025-08-16)

Finkel traces a single throughline from how writing was invented to how it gets deciphered thousands of years later: pictographs evolved into syllabic signs because pictures alone can't express abstraction, and the same pattern-matching logic that cracked cuneiform in the 19th century also let Finkel show the biblical flood story recycles a far older Babylonian original. - Cuneiform evolved from pictographs into roughly 1,000 syllabic signs because pictures could convey concrete requests but not abstractions or complaints (2025-10-25) - Writing likely arose independently multiple times rather than diffusing from one invention; Egyptian hieroglyphics most likely emerged as a reaction to already-established cuneiform rather than a separate invention (2025-10-25) - Cuneiform's 19th-century decipherment succeeded because a trilingual inscription at Bisotun paired it with Old Persian, a still-living language whose repeating patterns bootstrapped the rest (2025-10-25) - A tablet brought in by a private owner, one of only ~350 walk-in finds since 1979, turned out to be 1,000 years older than the previously known flood tablet and specifies that Noah's ark was round (2025-10-25) - The Hebrew Bible's flood narrative repurposes a pre-existing Babylonian story roughly 1,000 years older, with the motive reframed from divine irritation to divine judgment of sin (2025-10-25)

Duhigg and Arnold both locate original work in the same place: importing ideas or life experience from outside a field's orthodoxy, rather than pure brainstorming within it, and both reframe an unconventional path as an asset rather than a detour. - Creativity usually comes from importing and recombining ideas across domains ("innovation brokerage"), illustrated by Frozen's writers finally cracking the plot by mixing Little Women with their own sibling relationships (2025-09-20) - Levitt attributes his own most original economics research to ignoring professional orthodoxy out of desperation, not confidence, and to paying attention to his own reactions rather than what was professionally acceptable (2025-09-20) - Frances Arnold moved out at 15, worked as a cab driver and cocktail waitress, and barely graduated high school; she credits that unconventional path with the resilience and pattern-recognition that let her back directed evolution when rational design kept failing (2025-10-11)

Duhigg's central framework is that every conversation is practical, emotional, or social, and most breakdowns happen when one person responds in the wrong register; techniques like deep questions and looping build intimacy fast once the register is right. - Every conversation is practical, emotional, or social, and most breakdowns happen when one person responds in the wrong register, as when a surgeon's practical medical advice couldn't reach patients wanting an emotional conversation about their diagnosis (2025-09-20) - "Looping for understanding" (ask, paraphrase, confirm) signals genuine effort even when the paraphrase is wrong, which is enough to make someone feel heard (2025-09-20) - Reciprocal self-disclosure, not charisma, is what makes someone feel like a close friend after only a few conversations (2025-09-20) - Acting empathetic and feeling empathetic converge over time; consistently performing the behavior tends to become genuine (2025-09-20)

Duhigg's original bestseller argument, still his operating model years later: every habit runs on a cue-routine-reward loop, and change requires diagnosing the cue and reward, not white-knuckling the routine itself. - Every habit runs on the same cue-routine-reward loop; diagnosing the cue and reward, not willpower on the routine, is what lets you substitute a new behavior that satisfies the same reward (2025-09-20) - Duhigg has personally answered over 26,000 reader emails about the book, roughly a year of full-time hours, work he says is core to why he finds the book meaningful (2025-09-20)

Two very different episodes land on the same point: people avoid asking directly about death and loss out of misplaced politeness, when the people who lived through it usually want to be asked. - People almost never ask a loved one about a death or divorce, assuming it will cause pain, when both Levitt and Duhigg say avoiding the topic is worse than asking (2025-09-20) - Jane Goodall told Levitt she felt death was either nothing or "a further adventure," an answer that left him at peace and reshaped how he processed news of her death years later (2025-10-25)

In the finale, Levitt turns the same lens on his own five years of interviewing, concluding that preparation, not natural talent, is what makes a guest open up. - Good interviewing comes from preparation invested (reading every book and paper a guest has written), not natural talent; guests can tell when that work has been done (2025-12-20) - Naming an unstated premise in a guest's own work can break through a guarded interview, as when Levitt pointed out Sapiens has no named characters, turning his Harari interview into PIMA's most-downloaded episode (2025-12-20) - The hardest interviews are with guests who don't know the interviewer and stick to a fixed script, per Levitt's two most disappointing guests, Schwarzenegger and Herzog (2025-12-20)

Crow argues measuring a university by its rejection rate optimizes inputs over outputs; ASU's fix is to admit by objective standard rather than scarcity, then build the infrastructure to bring a broader population up to speed. - Measuring institutional quality by how many applicants get rejected values inputs over outputs and forces the whole system into a second-tier hierarchy (2025-12-06) - ASU admits every student who clears a baseline standard rather than minimizing acceptance rate, then adapts teaching to serve a broader population instead of screening it out (2025-12-06) - Eliminating 85 legacy departments and reorganizing around what faculty actually do (not inherited naming) grew fields like geology, folded into Earth and Space Exploration, from ~20 to 500+ majors (2025-12-06) - ASU scaled engineering graduates from ~900 to 7,000+ a year by admitting broadly and building math scaffolding, not by pre-screening for a 1500 SAT score (2025-12-06)

Across three episodes, Levitt converges on one K-12 thesis: engagement is the variable that determines whether education works, and it depends less on innate ability than on giving students the context that makes material feel worth learning. - Mastery learning, advancing a student only once they've actually mastered a topic instead of moving the whole class together, frees three to four hours of the school day for other work (2025-12-20) - Learning sticks when driven by immediate need ("just-in-time") rather than taught in case it's useful someday ("just-in-case"), per David Eagleman's framing that reshaped Levitt's thinking (2025-12-20) - The Levitt Lab celebrates many kinds of accomplishment (music production, engineering builds, novellas) instead of a single grade ladder, to avoid the zero-sum dynamic Levitt watched kill curiosity in high-achieving University of Chicago students (2025-12-20) - Context, not innate ability, is what turns dense technical material into something a student finds fascinating rather than pure drudgery, a principle behind both Frances Arnold's own path to chemistry and Levitt's charter-school design (2025-10-11) - Story-driven VR labs ("Dreamscape Learn") produced roughly a 40% improvement in intro biology and chemistry outcomes by adding emotional stakes abstract lectures lack (2025-12-06)

Both Crow and Levitt independently land on the same AI-in-education verdict: the technology is transformative for an already-engaged learner and equally effective at helping a disengaged one avoid learning anything, so the design problem is engagement, not the tool. - AI is simultaneously the best tool ever built for an engaged learner and the most effective tool ever built for an unengaged one to avoid learning anything; engagement, not AI capability, is what will determine outcomes (2025-12-06, 2025-12-20) - ASU is building a bounded, purpose-built AI tutor (fyi.ai) rather than handing students unconstrained general-purpose models, arguing educational AI needs to be curated and verifiable (2025-12-06) - Levitt names changing how kids are taught, not the podcast or his academic career, as the legacy he'd most want to tell his grandchildren about (2025-12-20)

Simonsohn's landmark "False-Positive Psychology" paper showed that ordinary, undisclosed researcher flexibility, not outright fabrication, is enough to manufacture a false positive most of the time, and that the flexibility is hard for researchers to recognize as cheating. - Testing multiple outcomes, adjusting covariates, and stopping data collection once significant can turn a hypothesis that is 100% false into a "significant" one over 60% of the time (2025-08-02) - Optional stopping (collecting more data only when a result is almost significant) is a biased practice even though it feels less dishonest than cherry-picking outcomes, the same way a tennis match with no fixed endpoint inflates a player's win rate (2025-08-02) - P-curve analysis exploits researchers stopping the instant they clear the 0.05 threshold, producing a suspicious cluster near 0.05 instead of the very low P-values a true effect generates, and used this to debunk the power-posing literature (2025-08-02)

Simonsohn describes fraud investigation as fun for two days and dreadful for a year, because an accusation requires evidence strong enough to convince outside parties, not just personal certainty, and going public creates an adversary who can sue. - The Francesca Gino case was cracked by cross-referencing an altered numeric rating column against a free-text column describing the same event, a mismatch that let the team tell Harvard exactly which server rows to check (2025-08-02) - Investigating Gino's paper led Simonsohn's team to separately spot an impossible, perfectly uniform mileage distribution in a Dan Ariely study, but full proof required a New Yorker reporter later obtaining the insurer's original data (2025-08-02) - Gino's $25 million lawsuit against Simonsohn, Data Colada, and Harvard was survivable only because his own university funded a motion to dismiss and the academic community crowdfunded the rest (2025-08-02)

Harvard's public handling of Gino contrasts with Duke's secretive handling of Ariely, and Simonsohn argues the real fix isn't harsher punishment (there's little left to threaten a fraudster with) but transparency tools that make fraud structurally harder to commit and hide. - Because the worst outcome for a caught fraudster (losing a job non-fraud performance might have cost them anyway) is barely worse than the counterfactual, there is effectively no rational deterrent against committing fraud (2025-08-02) - Requiring raw data to be posted publicly, a norm that barely existed a decade ago, has been transformative for catching errors, fraud, and non-robust results (2025-08-02) - AsCollected, Simonsohn's new "data receipt" platform, forces researchers to document data provenance before publication, modeled on requiring a receipt before a reimbursement is approved (2025-08-02)

Duke's core prescription: because escalation of commitment, sunk-cost bias, and identity attachment corrupt real-time quitting decisions, the fix is to set measurable "kill criteria" in advance, before those biases can take hold. - People systematically quit too late, not too soon, contrary to cultural training that treats persistence as virtuous and quitting as a character failure (2025-06-28) - "Kill criteria" pair a specific state with a specific date, set before starting, so the quit decision is made in advance rather than in an emotionally compromised moment (2025-06-28) - In a field experiment where ~25,000 people had a virtual coin flipped for an ambivalent life decision, those told to make a change reported higher happiness six months later than those told to stick with the status quo, evidence that a decision felt as a "close call" usually means the person already waited too long (2025-06-28) - Grit and quitting are not opposites: grit is persevering through hard tasks toward a worthwhile goal, while quitting is reassessing whether the goal or the current strategy is worthwhile at all (2025-06-28) - The hardest thing to quit is identity, not the activity itself; Duke carried two decades of shame over leaving a Ph.D. program for a successful poker career because it had become how she was publicly known (2025-06-28)

• No Stupid Questions podcast (2026-07-25, 2025-06-28, 2021-04-09)
• Freakonomics Radio podcast (2025-12-20, 2025-09-20, 2021-04-09)
• The Economics of Everyday Things podcast (2025-12-20, 2025-09-20)
• The Rest Is History podcast (2025-05-24, 2025-05-10)
• A Slight Change of Plans podcast (2026-08-08)
• The Happiness Lab podcast (2026-08-08)
• Has Lance Armstrong Finally Come Clean? podcast (2026-08-01)
• Lance Armstrong interview with Oprah Winfrey (2013) other (2026-08-01)
• USADA 'Reasoned Decision' report (2012) article (2026-08-01)
• The Colbert Report show (2026-07-25)
• What Do King Solomon and David Lee Roth Have in Common? podcast (2026-07-18)
• Nature journal article on chicken vs. legume protein paper (2026-07-04)
• UN Environment Program pandemic-risk report paper (2026-07-04)
• America's Math Curriculum Doesn't Add Up podcast (2026-06-27)
• DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) other (2026-06-27)
• The Business of Drugs show (2026-05-30)
• Argo movie (2026-05-30)
• Is Learning a Foreign Language Really Worth It? (Freakonomics Radio, No. 158) podcast (2026-05-30)
• Why Don't We Speak the Same Language? (Freakonomics Radio, No. 300) podcast (2026-05-30)
• Fitzcarraldo movie (2025-12-20)
• Shocked podcast (2025-11-22)
• The Simple Economics of Saving the Amazon Rainforest (Freakonomics Radio, episode 428, 2019) podcast (2025-11-22)
• American Symphony movie (2025-11-15)
• Life Interrupted article (2025-11-15)
• The Value of Science paper (2025-11-08)
• WW scattering in the absence of a Higgs boson paper (2025-11-08)
• The Secrets of Noah's Ark show (2025-10-25)
• Freakonomics other (2025-10-18)
• Atlas of Redistricting (FiveThirtyEight) article (2025-10-18)
• World Development Report paper (2025-09-27)
• Conversation with Sendhil Mullainathan (2021 episode) podcast (2025-09-27)
• Frozen movie (2025-09-20)
• People I (Mostly) Admire episode with Moncef Slaoui podcast (2025-09-13)
• People I (Mostly) Admire episode with Sendhil Mullainathan (2021) podcast (2025-09-13)
• Why Do We Dislike Inflation? (working paper) paper (2025-08-30)
• Immigration and Redistribution study (six-country survey, ~20-25k respondents) paper (2025-08-30)
• Estate tax perceptions study paper (2025-08-30)
• Climate change policy study (20 countries) paper (2025-08-30)
• Zero-sum thinking study paper (2025-08-30)
• AlphaGo (Google documentary) movie (2025-08-23)
• Tetragrammaton podcast (2025-08-23)
• "Hurt" music video (Johnny Cash) other (2025-08-23)
• Freakonomics (book) other (2025-08-23)
• Science Magazine's Breakthrough of the Year (1998) article (2025-08-16)
• False-Positive Psychology (2011 paper) paper (2025-08-02)
• Freakonomics Radio episodes 572 and 573 podcast (2025-08-02)
• The New Yorker investigation into Dan Ariely's insurance data article (2025-08-02)
• 30 for 30: Benji other (2025-07-26)
• The Daily Show with Jon Stewart show (2025-07-05)
• Good Morning America show (2025-07-05)
• Geoffrey Canada TED Talk (Harlem Children's Zone) other (2025-07-05)
• Sheryl Sandberg's UC Berkeley commencement speech other (2025-07-05)
• The Deadweight Loss of Christmas paper (2025-06-07)
• People I (Mostly) Admire episode with John Green on tuberculosis podcast (2025-06-07)
• What to Expect When You're Expecting other (2025-05-31)
• TED talk on dying other (2025-05-31)
• Interview with the Vampire movie (2025-05-24)
• Crash Course tuberculosis video other (2025-05-10)
• Raj Shah Never Wastes a Crisis podcast (2025-05-10)
• Everything Is Tuberculosis (forthcoming episode with John Green) podcast (2025-05-03)
• Do the Police Have a Management Problem? (Freakonomics Radio, episode 567) podcast (2025-04-26)
• Survivor show (2025-04-05)
• The Bitter Lesson article (2025-03-29)
• Are Our Tools Becoming Part of Us? (Freakonomics Radio, 2024, with Blaise Aguera y Arcas) podcast (2025-03-29)
• Sudhir Breaks the Internet podcast (2021-04-09)